Cosmology at the Crossroads: Galaxy Clusters in the Era of Large Surveys

Observations of galaxy clusters, the largest relaxed structures in the Universe, provide unique insights into fundamental questions about cosmological parameters, the nature of dark matter and dark energy, cosmic isotropy, the S8 tension, and the missing-baryon problems. The workshop will focus on the recent advancements in galaxy cluster science and datasets, and aim to address critical gaps in utilizing multiwavelength galaxy cluster observations to resolve cosmological tensions through innovative analysis. By stimulating a collaborative, interactive environment, participants will exchange ideas and develop practical solutions. In a nutshell, we aim to:

• Define cosmological questions that can be successfully addressed by jointly using recent galaxy cluster data and different expertise.

• Develop methodology and pipelines to address these issues using multiwavelength cluster information, through a high level of interaction among participants.

• Provide preliminary guidelines to tackle the discussed cosmological issues through novel analysis

• Establish long-term cross-disciplinary collaborations to tackle these cosmological tensions

To achieve this, the workshop will facilitate highly interactive sessions, invited and flash talks, roundtable discussions, technical tutorials, and sessions focused on preparing future proposals and publications.